Scientists have discovered the first-ever physical material capable of “remembering” its entire history of physical stimuli, similar to that of a brain. 

The team from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland stumbled upon the remarkable property while researching phase transitions of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a compound used in electronics. 

Ph.D. student Mohammad Samizadeh Nikoo was attempting to figure out how long it takes for VO2 to transition from one state to another but soon realized that something never before seen was happening when an electric current was applied. 

“The current moved across the material, following a path until it exited on the other side,” Mr. Samizadeh Nikoo said. “As the current heated up the sample, it caused the VO2 to change state. And once the current had pᴀssed, the material returned to its initial state.” 

After applying a second electrical current during the experiment, the researcher observed that the time taken for the material to change state appeared to be directly related to its history. 

“The VO2 seemed to ‘remember’ the first phase transition and anticipate the next,” said Professor Elison Matioli, who supervised the research. 

,“We didn’t expect to see this kind of memory effect, and it has nothing to do with electronic states but rather with the physical structure of the material. It’s a novel discovery: no other material behaves in this way.” 

The discovery could have major implications for advancements in electronics that rely on memory to perform calculations. 

By having the memory effect be an innate property of the material itself, the researchers claim it could enhance the capacity, speed and, ultimately, the miniaturization of electronics.

 Sources: Published: 22 August 2022 in the scientific journal Nature Electronics – Electrical control of glᴀss-like dynamics in vanadium dioxide for data storage and processing