Jan Bartek – AncientPages.com – Art is universal and timeless, and so is our appreciation of it if it is unique and beautiful, like this magnificent bronze sculpture.

Known to the modern world as the Boxer at Rest, also known as the Terme Boxer, Seated Boxer, Defeated Boxer, or Boxer of the Quirinal, this masterpiece of Hellenistic art was discovered in 1885 on the slopes of the Quirinal, one of the Seven Hills of Rome, Italy.

The Boxer at Rest from the Museo Nazionale Romano-Palazzo Mᴀssimo alle Terme. Credit: Met Museum

Why Did So Many Ancient Greek Statues And Paintings End Up In Rome?

Hidden beneath the ancient ruins of the Baths of Constantine, this marvelous sculpture still fascinates the modern world.

The fact the ancient Greek sculpture was unearthed in Italy is not a revelation because “during the sixty-five years from Marcellus’s capture of Syracuse in 211 B., to the sack of Corinth by Mummius in 146 B.C., the city of Rome was inundated with Greek statues and paintings.

A detailed look at the boxer’s gloves. Credit: Carole Raddato – CC BY-SA 2.0

The reason for bringing these works of art to Rome in the first place was, as Plutarch says of Marcellus’s booty, to make “a visual impression of his triumph and also to be an ornament of the city.” But as they were distributed about the city in public buildings and temple precincts, as well as in private collections, these Greek statues and paintings soon became a major element in the Roman civic environment, and they interacted with the character and taste of the Romans to produce a special cultural atmosphere in much the same way that the fountains and churches of the Baroque period today.

Many of the works that came to Rome were among the finest masterpieces of Greek art, and it was inevitable that, as time went by, the Romans would begin not only to examine their artistic subtleties and differences but also to ᴀssess what their value was, if any, to Roman society.” ¹

The above explanation clarifies why the Boxer at Rest found its way to ancient Rome.

The discovery of the Boxer at Rest was a remarkable moment to scientists who unearthed it. Italian archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani, present at the dig, recalls he had never experienced anything so remarkable in his long career. “I have witnessed, in my long career in the active field of archaeology, many discoveries; I have experienced surprise after surprise; I have sometimes and most unexpectedly met with real masterpieces; but I have never felt such an extraordinary impression as the one created by the sight of this magnificent specimen of a semi-barbaric athlete, coming slowly out of the ground, as if awakening from a long repose after his gallant fights,” Lanciani recalled. ²

Importance Of Boxing In Ancient Greece

Many artworks from the Hellenistic period (323–31 B.C.) do not have a specific historical date, and the actual age of the Boxer at Rest remains undetermined, as is the sculpture’s creator. “Scholars have placed the statue anywhere from the late fourth century B.C., noting its stylistic similarities to statues attributed to Lysippos and other compositional features, to the middle of the first century B.C., where it is compared to other powerful classicizing works such as the Belvedere Torso in the Vatican Museum.” ²

Minoan youths boxing (BCE 1500), Knossos fresco. This is the earliest known evidence for the use of gloves. Credit: Public Domain

Boxing was a popular sport in ancient times. It was introduced to the Olympic Games in 688 B.C. and became a popular sport. There were many professional boxers who “trained to compete in local and panhellenic compeтιтions and would undertake a circuit of the games, sometimes achieving legendary status.” ²

“After the conquests of Alexander the Great and during the reign of his numerous successors, the tradition of combat sports games became insтιтutionalized by the elite of a Hellenized warlike aristocracy in Asia.

The heroic cult of the Greeks was perpetuated as far as Central Asia, improving the local traditions by building a gymnasium in every city of the colonies. The various technical aspects of ancient Greek combat sports were transmitted as well in order to improve effectiveness in close-combat fighting.

To trace back these technical features, a detailed description of wrestling, boxing and pankration as developed in ancient Greece are compared together with their East-Asian counterparts.” ³

The Boxer At Rest Gives A Realistic Impression

The tired boxer’s realistic impression testifies to its ancient creator’s excellent artistic skills. The naked man wears nothing but his boxing gloves. He “is represented just after a match. His muscular body and full beard are those of a mature athlete, and his thick neck, lanky legs, and long arms are well suited to the sport. His face exhibits bruises and cuts.

Left: Image courtesy Vanni/Art Resource, NY – Right: Miguel Hermoso Cuesta – CC BY-SA 3.0

His lips are sunken as though his teeth have been pushed in or knocked out. His broken nose and cauliflower ears are common conditions of boxers, probably the result of previous fights, but the way he is breathing through his mouth and the bloody cuts to his ears and face make clear the damage inflicted by his most recent opponent.

The muscles of his arms and legs are tense as though, and despite the exhaustion of compeтιтion, he is ready to spring up and face the next combatant.” ²

The magnificent Boxer at Rest sculpture has astonished and delighted museum visitors for years. Our admiration for this beautiful piece of bronze art will unlikely cease anytime soon.

The Boxer at Rest is now in the National Museum of Rome and is generally displayed in the Palazzo Mᴀssimo alle Terme.

Updated on November 15, 2023

Written by Jan Bartek – AncientPages.com Staff Writer

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